英语
如何处理汉译英中的连动,过多的主谓,偏正短语五个左右的连动,或短语怎么处理?最好有例子

2019-06-19

如何处理汉译英中的连动,过多的主谓,偏正短语
五个左右的连动,或短语怎么处理?最好有例子
优质解答
连动式的几个动词之间虽然没有关联词语,但在意义上却有一定的关系:有的表示目的与手段,有的表示原因与结果,有的则只表示行为动作的先后.因此在翻译连动式时,首先必须正确地判断几个动词在意义上的相互关系.然后根据英语的特点,将表示主从关系的连动式里的主要动词译成英语的谓语,将其他动词译成不定式、分词、介词或介词短语.如果连动式里的几个动词只表示动作先后关系,则按动作发生的先后,译成几个并列的谓语动词.
下面根据连用动词的不同意义与关系分别介绍连动式的几种译法.
(一)表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词都译成谓语动词,按原文中的先后次序,用and加以连接.例如:
(1) 他把书接过来摆在膝盖上.
He took the book and laid it on his lap.
(2) 这个军官放下杯子站了起来.
The officer put down his glass and stood up.
表示动作先后的连动式,第一个动词也可以用分词结构来译.例如:
(1) 她打开抽屉拿出词典来.
Opening the drawer she took out a dictionary.
(2) 他到了车站发现火车已经开走了.
Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.
(3) 他备好了课开始写日记.
Having prepared his lessons,he began to write up his diary.
(二)表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式,在英译时,通常是把前一个动词,即表示手段的词译成谓语,而后一个动词即表示目的的词,则用不定式译成目的状语.例如:
(1) 那老汉下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶.
The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.
(2) 去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友.
Last year I went home with my brother to visit my friends.
(3) 早在1938年他就去延安学习.
As early as in 1938 he went to Yenan to study.
(4) 他到班长那儿请了个假.
He went to the squad leader to ask for leave.
在表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式中,第二个动词有时也可以用含目的的意义的介词来译.例如:
(1) 她回房间去取钥匙.
She went back to her room for the key.
(2) 这年头,谁敢下乡去收租米?
Who dares go down into the villages for rent these days?
(三)有些连动式,前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态,两者形成主从关系.在英译时,通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成谓语,前一个动作译成分词或介词短语.例如:
(1) 他们热烈鼓掌 欢迎日本来宾.
They welcomed the Japanese guests with warm applause.
(2) 不久,他捧着那本书回来了.
Very soon he came back,holding that book in his hand.
(3) 她已经洗完了衣服,坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫擦脸上的汗.
She had already finished washing.Seated on a stone beside the stream,she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.
但是,连动式的译法要根据英语习惯,灵活掌握,有时也可使用其它方法.例如:
(1) 她站在门口笑.
She stood at the door,grinning.
如果译成“She grinned standing at the door.” 就不合习惯了.
(2) 人民起来 反抗压迫.
The people rose against oppression.
(3) 我们应当起来 捍卫真理.
We should come forward in defence of truth.
以上(2),(3)两例中,against 和rose搭配,in defence of 和come forward搭配,就符合英语习惯.
连动式的几个动词之间虽然没有关联词语,但在意义上却有一定的关系:有的表示目的与手段,有的表示原因与结果,有的则只表示行为动作的先后.因此在翻译连动式时,首先必须正确地判断几个动词在意义上的相互关系.然后根据英语的特点,将表示主从关系的连动式里的主要动词译成英语的谓语,将其他动词译成不定式、分词、介词或介词短语.如果连动式里的几个动词只表示动作先后关系,则按动作发生的先后,译成几个并列的谓语动词.
下面根据连用动词的不同意义与关系分别介绍连动式的几种译法.
(一)表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词都译成谓语动词,按原文中的先后次序,用and加以连接.例如:
(1) 他把书接过来摆在膝盖上.
He took the book and laid it on his lap.
(2) 这个军官放下杯子站了起来.
The officer put down his glass and stood up.
表示动作先后的连动式,第一个动词也可以用分词结构来译.例如:
(1) 她打开抽屉拿出词典来.
Opening the drawer she took out a dictionary.
(2) 他到了车站发现火车已经开走了.
Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.
(3) 他备好了课开始写日记.
Having prepared his lessons,he began to write up his diary.
(二)表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式,在英译时,通常是把前一个动词,即表示手段的词译成谓语,而后一个动词即表示目的的词,则用不定式译成目的状语.例如:
(1) 那老汉下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶.
The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.
(2) 去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友.
Last year I went home with my brother to visit my friends.
(3) 早在1938年他就去延安学习.
As early as in 1938 he went to Yenan to study.
(4) 他到班长那儿请了个假.
He went to the squad leader to ask for leave.
在表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式中,第二个动词有时也可以用含目的的意义的介词来译.例如:
(1) 她回房间去取钥匙.
She went back to her room for the key.
(2) 这年头,谁敢下乡去收租米?
Who dares go down into the villages for rent these days?
(三)有些连动式,前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态,两者形成主从关系.在英译时,通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成谓语,前一个动作译成分词或介词短语.例如:
(1) 他们热烈鼓掌 欢迎日本来宾.
They welcomed the Japanese guests with warm applause.
(2) 不久,他捧着那本书回来了.
Very soon he came back,holding that book in his hand.
(3) 她已经洗完了衣服,坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫擦脸上的汗.
She had already finished washing.Seated on a stone beside the stream,she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.
但是,连动式的译法要根据英语习惯,灵活掌握,有时也可使用其它方法.例如:
(1) 她站在门口笑.
She stood at the door,grinning.
如果译成“She grinned standing at the door.” 就不合习惯了.
(2) 人民起来 反抗压迫.
The people rose against oppression.
(3) 我们应当起来 捍卫真理.
We should come forward in defence of truth.
以上(2),(3)两例中,against 和rose搭配,in defence of 和come forward搭配,就符合英语习惯.
相关标签: 汉译英 短语 左右 例子
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