优质解答
1
The earth moves round the s 1 . When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is d 2 .When our part of the earth turns a 3 from the sun, it is night.\x0b The sun is much bigger than the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it is much n 4 to the earth.\x0b The sun is very bright. It gives very strong l 5 . The moon looks quite bright, but it d 6 give any light at all. The light from the moon comes f 7 the sun.\x0bThe moon looks much bigger and brighter t 8 the stars. But in fact the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the m 9 . They look smaller than the moon because they are f 10 away from the earth.
【解题指导】\x0b 本文是一篇科普文章.第一段说明了地球因自转而产生昼夜交替.第二、四两段说明了人们观看月亮、太阳和星星时发生的近大远小的视觉现象,第三段说明了太阳与月亮发光与反光的特征.本文每一个考点都是对天文知识的考查.因此,没有一定的天文常识,则不易读懂本文,更不用说解题了.近年来,中考完形填空的题材趋于多样化.人物、科普、史地、故事、政治、经济、风土人情,均为选材范围,这就要求考生知识广博、视野开阔、广泛涉猎.
【答案及简析】\x0b 1. sun. 地球围绕太阳运转是天文常识.\x0b 2. day. 地球面对太阳的半个球面是白天.\x0b 3. away. turn away from意为“背离”.地球上背对太阳的一面是夜晚.\x0b 4. nearer. much 后接比较级.和太阳比起来月亮离地球近多了.\x0b 5. light. give light意为“发光”.太阳是发光体.\x0b 6. doesn’t. 月亮不发光.\x0b 7. from. 月亮反射太阳的光,人们所看到的月亮的光来自于太阳.\x0b 8. than. 由空前的bigger and brighter 可知,此处应填表示比较的连词than.\x0b 9. moon. 根据文意,下句的they代指空格所在句子的主语the stars.因此两句中than后的应是同一物,即moon.\x0b 10. farther. 恒星看起来比月亮小,是因为它们离地球比月亮远.从句中的than the moon承前省略.此空仍应该用比较级.
【例题解析2】\x0b Dogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3 arrives.\x0b When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 .\x0b Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.
【答案及简析】\x0b 1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养,主要是因为它们比较通人性,且对人很友好,能给人们带来欢乐.根据“be very f 1 to people”来分析,此空应填一个形容词,表明狗对人的态度.friend是名词,friendly是形容词,故friendly是正确答案.\x0b 2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养, 它们除了听主人的话以外,与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友.由于是指大多数家庭的情况,并受their一词的提示,此处应填“孩子”的复数形式,即children.\x0b 3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家.文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”,专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗.“生人”在英文中即为stranger.\x0b 4. size. 这个空略微有点难.一是size一词平时用得较少,二是一般家庭都养小型犬,供狗活动的空间一般不成问题,因此,对狗的体积问题考虑的较少.从后面的句子来看,此处是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小,就买一只小狗；如果你的家大,就买一只大狗.”\x0b 5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词,代替上半句的your home.此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为避免词的重复使用,在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词.\x0b6. almost. “狗几乎什么都吃.”这一点我们从日常生活中也都知道,而且本句话的后面也进行了进一步的解释说明,“他们喜欢吃肉,米饭和其它的东西.”\x0b 7. made. 这是make的过去分词,在这里与for dogs一起做定语,修饰food,整句的意思是“你可以在食品店买到许多为狗做的食物.”这个空也是一个难点.若没有正确理解句意,很容易写成meat.\x0b 8. leave. 有养狗经验的同学都知道,每天一定要给狗留下供它喝的水.狗是靠舌头来散热的,因此它极易渴,特别是在夏天.\x0b 9. summer. 如果了解了狗的这一生理功能（靠舌头来散热）,就不难填出summer一词.\x0b 10. exercise. 如果想让狗养成好习惯并不生病的话,就必须每天带它出去散步.从下面的句子You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day. 来看,说明狗也需要运动.exercise当“运动”讲时, 是一个不可数名词,不能在词尾加s.
3
There was an old man who loved money very much. He n 1 gave anything to anybody. After some years he became r 2 .\x0b One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and I’ll p 3 you out!”The rich m 4 head went down the water a 5 then came up again, but he did not g 6 his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s 7 thing happened.\x0b Then a 8 friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and I’ll pull you out!”The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.\x0b “You don’t know your friend very w 9 .” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say ‘Give!’ to him, he d 10 nothing, but when you say ‘Take!’ he always takes.”
【答案与简析】\x0b 守财奴闹出了笑话.文中谈了一次救人的过程,解题时要根据当时的情况特别注意“give”和“take”的妙用.\x0b 1. never. 因为love money,所以他决不会“给予”.never意为“从不”.\x0b 2. rich. rich是形容词,作表语.由于从不施舍,几年后他就富有了.\x0b 3. pull. pull...out意为“把……拉出来”.\x0b 4. man’s. head 为名词,要选用man的所有格形式.\x0b 5. and. and then...意为“后来又……”.and起并列作用.\x0b 6. give. give...to...意为“把……给……”.\x0b 7. same. 句意为：又发生了同样的情况.\x0b 8. another. another表示不定指的“又一个,另一个”.\x0b 9. well. well为副词,know well意思是“很了解”.\x0b 10. does. 这句话是引述原话,故用一般现在时.do nothing表示“什么事都不干”.
4
When the London Underground goes on strike, my journey to work can be terrible. I remember a strike, which happened a few years a___1___,the station near my house was closed and I had to use another station and take a different train. This a___2__about an hour to my journey, so I wasn’t very happy.E__3___went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking! By the time I go to the train, I was feeling upset and sorry for myself. Then I saw this man. There was something about him---he had such a familiar f___4__.A few minutes later, I realized that he was Jack, a fiend from my school days in Scotland.
At the same time he a___5___realized who I was. Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k___6___.I was even more surprised when the train came into my station and he started to get off too! I asked him w___7___he was going and he said he was going to work. He told me he worked in Fitzroy Street. You see, I work in Fitzroy Street, too. It’s a small w__8__!It was such an amazing coincidence!
全文概况是身处英国的作者在经历一次他印象深刻的伦敦地铁罢工事件时,巧遇他旧日在苏格兰的同学的故事.在截取这样一个素材时,出题者选取了8个词汇作为得分点.
第1空的答案是ago.此处很少有同学失分,把握一般过去时的必要的条件就是要有一个表示段时间的a few years,再看文中其余动词的时态就很容易推断出是指几年以前.
第2空的答案是added.此处失分的同学不少,其难点有二：先是要判断此空所需单词的词性是什么.让我们跳过空格审视一下剩余部分还缺少什么句子成分?该句主语、宾语都在,只有中间的谓语不见,由此推断该处应为开头是a的动词,作者一再强调此次罢工是terrible的,那么消极影响就必然是增加作者的麻烦.并且该句后面有一个介词to出现,那么什么动词既表示“增加、添加”又可以和to一同使用呢?那么只有add符合条件.第一个难点解决了,下一个就要看时态.根据统一原则,把add改为过去时added.很多同学过了难点以后就不再关注细节了,导致只填了add而失分.
第3空的答案是Everything.原则同上.
第4空答案是face.作者偶然注意的人身体上的哪个部位会是以f开头的呢?有face,foot等等可能,显然填脚是“令人眼熟的”似乎不大合乎逻辑,能一眼被人辨认的人体部位就是面孔,因此判断是face.
第5空答案是also.副词的考察这已经是第二次出现了,通观这一句,所有主要成分无一缺席,惟有表示“也、同时”的副词才符合题意,因而确定为also.表示在作者认出这样一个老同学的同时,对方也同时辨认出了“我”的身份.
第6空答案是know.此句是一个包含省略关系代词“that/who/whom”的定语从句的复合句,先行词可确定是people,而表示“认识/知道”含义的以k开头的动词只有know.
第7空答案是where.先要复习一下宾语从句的概念,它是指在主从复合句中充当宾语、位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句.引导宾语从句的连接词有：连词that,whether,if；连接代词who,which,what以及其强调形式whoever,whichever,whatever；连接副词when,where,why,how等.本句及物动词ask后很明显应该衔接的是双宾语,其中有直接宾语——人称代词him,后面就要跟一个由任意连接副词引导的宾语从句做间接宾语.再向后看,发现“老朋友”回答作者他是要去工作,从而确定选择连接副词where代指地点.
第8空答案是world.此句是非正常形式的感叹句,虽然不是由“what/how”引导,但后面的感叹号仍说明了该句的性质,在判断出了以上7个空白后,同学们可轻易知道作者感慨的是“这世界真小!”
Can animals be made to work for us ? Some scientists think that one day animals may be t____ to do a number of simple jobs .They s____ that in a film or on TV we may see elephants , monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .If you w_____ carefully , you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for d____ them . The scientists say that many d_____ animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something to eat .
Of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy j___ . And we can also teach animals to work in f____ .Apes ,for example have b____ used in America to help make cars and scientists b_____ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and e____ drive trains .
KEYS:1
taught , say , watch , doing , different ,
jobs , factories , been , believe , even .
1
The earth moves round the s 1 . When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is d 2 .When our part of the earth turns a 3 from the sun, it is night.\x0b The sun is much bigger than the moon. But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it is much n 4 to the earth.\x0b The sun is very bright. It gives very strong l 5 . The moon looks quite bright, but it d 6 give any light at all. The light from the moon comes f 7 the sun.\x0bThe moon looks much bigger and brighter t 8 the stars. But in fact the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the m 9 . They look smaller than the moon because they are f 10 away from the earth.
【解题指导】\x0b 本文是一篇科普文章.第一段说明了地球因自转而产生昼夜交替.第二、四两段说明了人们观看月亮、太阳和星星时发生的近大远小的视觉现象,第三段说明了太阳与月亮发光与反光的特征.本文每一个考点都是对天文知识的考查.因此,没有一定的天文常识,则不易读懂本文,更不用说解题了.近年来,中考完形填空的题材趋于多样化.人物、科普、史地、故事、政治、经济、风土人情,均为选材范围,这就要求考生知识广博、视野开阔、广泛涉猎.
【答案及简析】\x0b 1. sun. 地球围绕太阳运转是天文常识.\x0b 2. day. 地球面对太阳的半个球面是白天.\x0b 3. away. turn away from意为“背离”.地球上背对太阳的一面是夜晚.\x0b 4. nearer. much 后接比较级.和太阳比起来月亮离地球近多了.\x0b 5. light. give light意为“发光”.太阳是发光体.\x0b 6. doesn’t. 月亮不发光.\x0b 7. from. 月亮反射太阳的光,人们所看到的月亮的光来自于太阳.\x0b 8. than. 由空前的bigger and brighter 可知,此处应填表示比较的连词than.\x0b 9. moon. 根据文意,下句的they代指空格所在句子的主语the stars.因此两句中than后的应是同一物,即moon.\x0b 10. farther. 恒星看起来比月亮小,是因为它们离地球比月亮远.从句中的than the moon承前省略.此空仍应该用比较级.
【例题解析2】\x0b Dogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3 arrives.\x0b When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 .\x0b Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.
【答案及简析】\x0b 1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养,主要是因为它们比较通人性,且对人很友好,能给人们带来欢乐.根据“be very f 1 to people”来分析,此空应填一个形容词,表明狗对人的态度.friend是名词,friendly是形容词,故friendly是正确答案.\x0b 2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养, 它们除了听主人的话以外,与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友.由于是指大多数家庭的情况,并受their一词的提示,此处应填“孩子”的复数形式,即children.\x0b 3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家.文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”,专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗.“生人”在英文中即为stranger.\x0b 4. size. 这个空略微有点难.一是size一词平时用得较少,二是一般家庭都养小型犬,供狗活动的空间一般不成问题,因此,对狗的体积问题考虑的较少.从后面的句子来看,此处是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小,就买一只小狗；如果你的家大,就买一只大狗.”\x0b 5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词,代替上半句的your home.此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为避免词的重复使用,在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词.\x0b6. almost. “狗几乎什么都吃.”这一点我们从日常生活中也都知道,而且本句话的后面也进行了进一步的解释说明,“他们喜欢吃肉,米饭和其它的东西.”\x0b 7. made. 这是make的过去分词,在这里与for dogs一起做定语,修饰food,整句的意思是“你可以在食品店买到许多为狗做的食物.”这个空也是一个难点.若没有正确理解句意,很容易写成meat.\x0b 8. leave. 有养狗经验的同学都知道,每天一定要给狗留下供它喝的水.狗是靠舌头来散热的,因此它极易渴,特别是在夏天.\x0b 9. summer. 如果了解了狗的这一生理功能（靠舌头来散热）,就不难填出summer一词.\x0b 10. exercise. 如果想让狗养成好习惯并不生病的话,就必须每天带它出去散步.从下面的句子You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day. 来看,说明狗也需要运动.exercise当“运动”讲时, 是一个不可数名词,不能在词尾加s.
3
There was an old man who loved money very much. He n 1 gave anything to anybody. After some years he became r 2 .\x0b One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and I’ll p 3 you out!”The rich m 4 head went down the water a 5 then came up again, but he did not g 6 his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s 7 thing happened.\x0b Then a 8 friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and I’ll pull you out!”The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.\x0b “You don’t know your friend very w 9 .” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say ‘Give!’ to him, he d 10 nothing, but when you say ‘Take!’ he always takes.”
【答案与简析】\x0b 守财奴闹出了笑话.文中谈了一次救人的过程,解题时要根据当时的情况特别注意“give”和“take”的妙用.\x0b 1. never. 因为love money,所以他决不会“给予”.never意为“从不”.\x0b 2. rich. rich是形容词,作表语.由于从不施舍,几年后他就富有了.\x0b 3. pull. pull...out意为“把……拉出来”.\x0b 4. man’s. head 为名词,要选用man的所有格形式.\x0b 5. and. and then...意为“后来又……”.and起并列作用.\x0b 6. give. give...to...意为“把……给……”.\x0b 7. same. 句意为：又发生了同样的情况.\x0b 8. another. another表示不定指的“又一个,另一个”.\x0b 9. well. well为副词,know well意思是“很了解”.\x0b 10. does. 这句话是引述原话,故用一般现在时.do nothing表示“什么事都不干”.
4
When the London Underground goes on strike, my journey to work can be terrible. I remember a strike, which happened a few years a___1___,the station near my house was closed and I had to use another station and take a different train. This a___2__about an hour to my journey, so I wasn’t very happy.E__3___went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking! By the time I go to the train, I was feeling upset and sorry for myself. Then I saw this man. There was something about him---he had such a familiar f___4__.A few minutes later, I realized that he was Jack, a fiend from my school days in Scotland.
At the same time he a___5___realized who I was. Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k___6___.I was even more surprised when the train came into my station and he started to get off too! I asked him w___7___he was going and he said he was going to work. He told me he worked in Fitzroy Street. You see, I work in Fitzroy Street, too. It’s a small w__8__!It was such an amazing coincidence!
全文概况是身处英国的作者在经历一次他印象深刻的伦敦地铁罢工事件时,巧遇他旧日在苏格兰的同学的故事.在截取这样一个素材时,出题者选取了8个词汇作为得分点.
第1空的答案是ago.此处很少有同学失分,把握一般过去时的必要的条件就是要有一个表示段时间的a few years,再看文中其余动词的时态就很容易推断出是指几年以前.
第2空的答案是added.此处失分的同学不少,其难点有二：先是要判断此空所需单词的词性是什么.让我们跳过空格审视一下剩余部分还缺少什么句子成分?该句主语、宾语都在,只有中间的谓语不见,由此推断该处应为开头是a的动词,作者一再强调此次罢工是terrible的,那么消极影响就必然是增加作者的麻烦.并且该句后面有一个介词to出现,那么什么动词既表示“增加、添加”又可以和to一同使用呢?那么只有add符合条件.第一个难点解决了,下一个就要看时态.根据统一原则,把add改为过去时added.很多同学过了难点以后就不再关注细节了,导致只填了add而失分.
第3空的答案是Everything.原则同上.
第4空答案是face.作者偶然注意的人身体上的哪个部位会是以f开头的呢?有face,foot等等可能,显然填脚是“令人眼熟的”似乎不大合乎逻辑,能一眼被人辨认的人体部位就是面孔,因此判断是face.
第5空答案是also.副词的考察这已经是第二次出现了,通观这一句,所有主要成分无一缺席,惟有表示“也、同时”的副词才符合题意,因而确定为also.表示在作者认出这样一个老同学的同时,对方也同时辨认出了“我”的身份.
第6空答案是know.此句是一个包含省略关系代词“that/who/whom”的定语从句的复合句,先行词可确定是people,而表示“认识/知道”含义的以k开头的动词只有know.
第7空答案是where.先要复习一下宾语从句的概念,它是指在主从复合句中充当宾语、位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句.引导宾语从句的连接词有：连词that,whether,if；连接代词who,which,what以及其强调形式whoever,whichever,whatever；连接副词when,where,why,how等.本句及物动词ask后很明显应该衔接的是双宾语,其中有直接宾语——人称代词him,后面就要跟一个由任意连接副词引导的宾语从句做间接宾语.再向后看,发现“老朋友”回答作者他是要去工作,从而确定选择连接副词where代指地点.
第8空答案是world.此句是非正常形式的感叹句,虽然不是由“what/how”引导,但后面的感叹号仍说明了该句的性质,在判断出了以上7个空白后,同学们可轻易知道作者感慨的是“这世界真小!”
Can animals be made to work for us ? Some scientists think that one day animals may be t____ to do a number of simple jobs .They s____ that in a film or on TV we may see elephants , monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .If you w_____ carefully , you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for d____ them . The scientists say that many d_____ animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something to eat .
Of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy j___ . And we can also teach animals to work in f____ .Apes ,for example have b____ used in America to help make cars and scientists b_____ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and e____ drive trains .
KEYS:1
taught , say , watch , doing , different ,
jobs , factories , been , believe , even .