优质解答
一、概说
英语中的there be结构主要表示某处存在有某物,所以通常被称为存在句.其中的there为引导词,无词义,be为谓语动词,there be后面的名词为句子主语.
二、there be结构的谓语形式
1.主谓一致问题
:若只有一个主语,谓语的数则取决于该主语的数;若有几个主语并列,则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致:
There is a man at the door.门口有个人.
There are some girls in the room.房间里有几个女孩.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.
2.时态问题
there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现,它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式:
There is going to be [will be] an English film tonight.今晚将有一场英语电影.
There was a lot to be done.有很多事要做.
There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳.
There have been many such accidents.已发生了好几起那样的事故.
There had been two sea fights between them.他们之间发生了两场海战.
3.与情态动词连用
there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用:
There may be a storm tomorrow.明天可能有风暴.
There used to be a hospital here.原来这里有家医院.
He felt there must be something wrong.他感到准有什么问题.
There might still be hope.可能还有希望.
There ought to be a comma here.这儿应有一个逗号.
4.动词be换成其他动词
有时可将there be中的动词be 换为 live,remain,seem,appear,exist,stand,lie,come等:
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Joe Beef.从前有个人名叫乔·比夫.
There seems [appears] something the matter with her.她好像是出了什么事似的.
There existed different opinions on this problem.对这个问题曾有不同看法.
There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩28英镑了.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.在小山顶上有一座古庙.
5.与其他动词搭配使用
there be结构有时可与其他动词搭配使用,构成一种复合谓语:
There seemed to be nobody about,so I went in.附近似乎没有人,因此我就走了进去.
There happened to be a man walking by.恰好有一个人从旁经过.
三、there be结构的非谓语形式
1.基本结构
there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本结构,即there being和there to be.
2.there being结构
该结构的主要用法有:
(1)用作状语:
There being nothing else to do,we went home.由于没什么其他的事要干,所以我们就回家了.
There having been no rain,the ground was dry.由于没有下雨,所以地面很干.
【注】有时可与状语从句转换:
There being no further business (=As there was no further business),I declared the meeting closed.由于没有别的事了,我宣布闭会.
(2)用作介词宾语:
There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute.现在有点希望可以解决这次争端.
2.There to be 结构
该结构的主要用法有:
(1)用作动词宾语:该结构可用作某些动词(如like,prefer,hate,want,mean,intend,expect,consider 等)的宾语:
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我可不希望有任何误解.
Students hate there to be too much homework.学生讨厌做太多的家庭作业.
We expect there to be more discussion about this.我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论.
【注】在let there be结构中,动词be不带to:
Don’t let there be any noise.不允许有任何吵闹.
Let there be no mistake about it.这事不要出错.
(2)用作介词for的宾语(www.yygrammar.com):
They asked for there to be another meeting.他们要求再开一次会议.
【注】用作介词宾语一般用there being,但用作介词for的宾语时,只能用there to be.比较:
They planned on there being another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议.
They planned for there to be another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议.
一、概说
英语中的there be结构主要表示某处存在有某物,所以通常被称为存在句.其中的there为引导词,无词义,be为谓语动词,there be后面的名词为句子主语.
二、there be结构的谓语形式
1.主谓一致问题
:若只有一个主语,谓语的数则取决于该主语的数;若有几个主语并列,则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致:
There is a man at the door.门口有个人.
There are some girls in the room.房间里有几个女孩.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和一些书.
2.时态问题
there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现,它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式:
There is going to be [will be] an English film tonight.今晚将有一场英语电影.
There was a lot to be done.有很多事要做.
There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳.
There have been many such accidents.已发生了好几起那样的事故.
There had been two sea fights between them.他们之间发生了两场海战.
3.与情态动词连用
there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用:
There may be a storm tomorrow.明天可能有风暴.
There used to be a hospital here.原来这里有家医院.
He felt there must be something wrong.他感到准有什么问题.
There might still be hope.可能还有希望.
There ought to be a comma here.这儿应有一个逗号.
4.动词be换成其他动词
有时可将there be中的动词be 换为 live,remain,seem,appear,exist,stand,lie,come等:
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Joe Beef.从前有个人名叫乔·比夫.
There seems [appears] something the matter with her.她好像是出了什么事似的.
There existed different opinions on this problem.对这个问题曾有不同看法.
There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩28英镑了.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.在小山顶上有一座古庙.
5.与其他动词搭配使用
there be结构有时可与其他动词搭配使用,构成一种复合谓语:
There seemed to be nobody about,so I went in.附近似乎没有人,因此我就走了进去.
There happened to be a man walking by.恰好有一个人从旁经过.
三、there be结构的非谓语形式
1.基本结构
there be结构的非谓语形式有两种基本结构,即there being和there to be.
2.there being结构
该结构的主要用法有:
(1)用作状语:
There being nothing else to do,we went home.由于没什么其他的事要干,所以我们就回家了.
There having been no rain,the ground was dry.由于没有下雨,所以地面很干.
【注】有时可与状语从句转换:
There being no further business (=As there was no further business),I declared the meeting closed.由于没有别的事了,我宣布闭会.
(2)用作介词宾语:
There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute.现在有点希望可以解决这次争端.
2.There to be 结构
该结构的主要用法有:
(1)用作动词宾语:该结构可用作某些动词(如like,prefer,hate,want,mean,intend,expect,consider 等)的宾语:
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我可不希望有任何误解.
Students hate there to be too much homework.学生讨厌做太多的家庭作业.
We expect there to be more discussion about this.我们期望能对此展开更多的讨论.
【注】在let there be结构中,动词be不带to:
Don’t let there be any noise.不允许有任何吵闹.
Let there be no mistake about it.这事不要出错.
(2)用作介词for的宾语(www.yygrammar.com):
They asked for there to be another meeting.他们要求再开一次会议.
【注】用作介词宾语一般用there being,但用作介词for的宾语时,只能用there to be.比较:
They planned on there being another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议.
They planned for there to be another meeting.他们打算再开一次会议.