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按照名词的单复数形式,抽象名词可分以下四种情况:
一、只能用作不可数名词的抽象名词.如:
advice(建议),information(信息),happiness(幸福),news(新闻),progress(进步),damage(损坏),work(工作),honour(荣誉),harm(伤害),courage(勇气),health(健康),wealth(财富),brav- ery(勇敢),importance(重要性),good(善良)等.如:
Now I want to give you some advice.现在我想给你一些建议.
What is the news?有什么新闻吗?
二、既可用作不可数名词,又可用作可数名词,且二者词义不发生本质变化.如:
hope/hopes(希望),fear/fears(恐惧),science/sciences(科学),belief/beliefs(信念),success/successes(成功),study/studies(学习)等.如:
My one and only hope is that he can pass the exam.我唯一的希望是他能通过考试.
Parents have high hopes for their children.父母对他们的孩子有很高的期望.
三、只能用作可数名词的抽象名词.如:
idea(想法),mistake(错误),situation(局势),answer(回答),case(情况),remark(意见;评论),event(事件),statement(声明)等.如:
I don't always tell them that they've made a mistake.我并不总是告诉他们犯错误了.
I made two mistakes in my maths exercises yesterday.我在昨天的数学练习中犯了两个错误.
四、只以复数形式出现的抽象名词,其单数往往另有涵义.如:
goods(商品),manners(礼貌),riches(财富),wishes(祝愿),congratulations(祝贺),letters(文学),spirits(情绪),thanks(感谢)等.如:
Where are your manners?你怎么不讲礼貌?
Congratulations to the winners!向获胜者表示祝贺!
Thanks for listening.谢谢收听.
注意:当我们说“advice,damage,honour,good等抽象名词只能用作不可数名词”是指它们作本义时,只能用作不可数名词,但是它们以复数形式出现时,其词义就会发生根本性的变化.如:
抽象名词的抽象意义
experience(经验)
interest(兴趣;关心)
good(美德)
spirit(精神)
advice(建议)
youth(青春)
damage(损坏)
抽象名词的转义(具体意义)
experiences(经历)
interests(利益)
goods(商品)
spirits(情绪)
advices(消息;行情)
youths(年青人)
damages(赔偿金)
The storm did great damage to the crops.那场暴风雨对农作物造成了极大的损害.
He claimed £1,000damages
from his employers for the loss of his right arm while at work.他为在工作时所丧失的右臂向雇主要求一千镑的赔偿费.
另外,surprise,success,pleasure等抽象名词用作本义时是不能与不定冠词连用的.但是,当这些抽象名词用来指一个具体的实例(如一次;一阵;一番;一种等)时,就可以与不定冠词连用了,带有修饰语时,尤其如此.在这种用法下,这些名词之中有些可以有复数形式,表示“多个;多次;多种”的意思.如:
We are sure of success.我们一定成功.
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功.
He has had three successes and one failure.他曾经取得三次成功,一次失败.
按照名词的单复数形式,抽象名词可分以下四种情况:
一、只能用作不可数名词的抽象名词.如:
advice(建议),information(信息),happiness(幸福),news(新闻),progress(进步),damage(损坏),work(工作),honour(荣誉),harm(伤害),courage(勇气),health(健康),wealth(财富),brav- ery(勇敢),importance(重要性),good(善良)等.如:
Now I want to give you some advice.现在我想给你一些建议.
What is the news?有什么新闻吗?
二、既可用作不可数名词,又可用作可数名词,且二者词义不发生本质变化.如:
hope/hopes(希望),fear/fears(恐惧),science/sciences(科学),belief/beliefs(信念),success/successes(成功),study/studies(学习)等.如:
My one and only hope is that he can pass the exam.我唯一的希望是他能通过考试.
Parents have high hopes for their children.父母对他们的孩子有很高的期望.
三、只能用作可数名词的抽象名词.如:
idea(想法),mistake(错误),situation(局势),answer(回答),case(情况),remark(意见;评论),event(事件),statement(声明)等.如:
I don't always tell them that they've made a mistake.我并不总是告诉他们犯错误了.
I made two mistakes in my maths exercises yesterday.我在昨天的数学练习中犯了两个错误.
四、只以复数形式出现的抽象名词,其单数往往另有涵义.如:
goods(商品),manners(礼貌),riches(财富),wishes(祝愿),congratulations(祝贺),letters(文学),spirits(情绪),thanks(感谢)等.如:
Where are your manners?你怎么不讲礼貌?
Congratulations to the winners!向获胜者表示祝贺!
Thanks for listening.谢谢收听.
注意:当我们说“advice,damage,honour,good等抽象名词只能用作不可数名词”是指它们作本义时,只能用作不可数名词,但是它们以复数形式出现时,其词义就会发生根本性的变化.如:
抽象名词的抽象意义
experience(经验)
interest(兴趣;关心)
good(美德)
spirit(精神)
advice(建议)
youth(青春)
damage(损坏)
抽象名词的转义(具体意义)
experiences(经历)
interests(利益)
goods(商品)
spirits(情绪)
advices(消息;行情)
youths(年青人)
damages(赔偿金)
The storm did great damage to the crops.那场暴风雨对农作物造成了极大的损害.
He claimed £1,000damages
from his employers for the loss of his right arm while at work.他为在工作时所丧失的右臂向雇主要求一千镑的赔偿费.
另外,surprise,success,pleasure等抽象名词用作本义时是不能与不定冠词连用的.但是,当这些抽象名词用来指一个具体的实例(如一次;一阵;一番;一种等)时,就可以与不定冠词连用了,带有修饰语时,尤其如此.在这种用法下,这些名词之中有些可以有复数形式,表示“多个;多次;多种”的意思.如:
We are sure of success.我们一定成功.
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功.
He has had three successes and one failure.他曾经取得三次成功,一次失败.