优质解答
句子的成分: 构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分.句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语.它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任. 句子是阅读理解和听力理解的最基本的单位.
主语:是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子的主体.主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任.
Two and two are/is four.二加二等于四.
Smoking is bad to health. =吸烟对身体有害.
The wounded has been taken to the hospital.伤员已经送到医院.
When to begin is not known yet.什么时间开始还不知道.
What I know is important.我所知道的很重要.
谓语:是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态（系表结构）.谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面.
We don't know him very well.我们不太了解他.
She speaks English fluently.她英语讲得很流利.
Betty stayed awake at night on purpose.
表语:是用来说明主语的性质, 身份, 特征和状态.表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语.表语一般放在系动词之后.表语可以由名词, 形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语或者表语从句来担任.
I am all right.我没事. It's over.时间到了. She is ten.她十岁了.
My work is teaching English.我的工作是教英语.
The dictionary is in the bag.词典在书包里边.
My question is how you knew him.我的问题是你如何认识他的.
宾语:是谓语动作所涉及的对象, 它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后.
I saw a cat in the tree.看见树上有一只猫.I want to go shopping.
He said that he could be here. 他说他会来的.
I’m concerned about my friend’s safety.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,即双宾语 ,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语, 可以带两个宾语的动词有 offer, bring, give , show, send, pass, tell, lend, 等.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加 " to ".
My father bought me a book.我父亲给我买了一本书.
Give the rubber to me.把橡皮给我.
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整, 它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据, 宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任.
We all call him Lao Wang.我们都叫他老王.
Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色.
定语:用于描述名词,代词,短语或定语从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任.如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组或短语,定语要放在被修饰词的后面.
That is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花.
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
This is my book, not your book.这是我的书,不是你的书.
I have a lot of things to do.我有好多要做的事情.
Our country is a developing country.我们的国家是一个发展中的国家.
状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果、方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语.状语可以由副词、分词、短语及状语从句来担任.
We went to the countryside last year.去年我们去了乡下.
We study hard for our country.我们为我们的国家而努力学习.
I'm late because I missed the bus.由于误了车,所以我迟到了.
简 单 句
简单句可分为下列五种形式：
1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语. I am a student.我是一名学生.
2) 主语 + 不及物动词+状语.
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起. .
3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
We help each other.我们互相帮忙.
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
I gave him a book last week.上周我给了他一本书.
5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语.
I heard him singing in the hall.我听见他在大厅里唱歌.
并 列 句
并列句: 用并列连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起的句子叫并列句.常用的连接词如下: also, and, but, either ... or, however, not only...but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither...nor.
并列句的构成: 简单句 + 连接词 + 简单句.
He studied hard and he passed the examination.
Let's hurry, or we'll be late.咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.
I have been to Beijing many times but my parents have never been there.
复 合 句
复合句是由两个或两个以上的有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的句子.其中一个句子是主体,叫做主句,而其他的句子叫做从句.
从句由连接词引导, 它们是: that, before, whether, if, although, because, as long as, as soon as, since, after, who, which, whom, what, whose, why, where, how, when .
从句尽管有主谓结构,但不能单独成为一个句子,在句中, 从句仅担任某个成分,根据担任的成分从句可分主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,定语从句,状语从句.
主语从句：在句中起主语作用的句子叫做主语从句. 主语从句一般放在句首.引导主语从句的词有下列: that, who, whether, if, what, which, when, where, how, why.
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道.
It's very good that he has passed the exam.他通过了考试太好了.
宾语从句：在句中起宾语作用的句子叫做宾语从句,宾语从句放在动词后面.引导宾语从句的词有下列. that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why, I didn't expect that he had broken the glass.
Could you tell me who is your teacher?你能告诉我谁是你的教师吗?
表语从句 在句中起表语作用的句子叫做表语从句,表语从句放在系动词的后面.引导表语从句的词有下列. that, if, whether, what, which, when, where how, why等. The question is whether he will join us next time.
同位语从句：位于同位名词之后,说明同位名词的内容的从句.
Do you know the news that the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team has won the world championship?
定语从句:在句中起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句,定语从句放在被修饰的名词后面. 引导定语从句的词有下列. who, whose, that, which, whom, when, where why.
Do you know the man who is in the car.你认识坐在汽车里的人吗?
This is the place where I was born.这就是我出生的地方.
状语从句:在句中起状语作用的句子叫做状语从句,状语从句一般放在句后,强调时放在句首. He opened the windows since it was hot.
When he was young, he couldn't go to school.
【方法诀窍】
▲ 无论句子多么复杂,先找到主谓结构,忽略插入成分及次要成分.
▲ 分析句子成分,判断被选项是什么成分.
一般疑问句是疑问句的一种.它是指用yes或no来回答的句子.其结构是：
系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他成分
如: Are you from Japan?
Yes I am． ／ No I'm not．
以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句.常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等.可先分为3种:
疑问代词：what,who,which,whose,whom
疑问副词：when,where,why,how
疑问形容词：what（which,whose）+名词
回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes ／ no,即问什么答什么
特殊疑问句一般读降调
以疑问词who,what,when,which,why,where,whose,how等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句,也叫疑问词疑问句,有时还被称为wh-问句（wh-question）.结构一般为：疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等.作为疑问词的what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等.
句子的成分: 构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分.句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语.它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任. 句子是阅读理解和听力理解的最基本的单位.
主语:是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子的主体.主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任.
Two and two are/is four.二加二等于四.
Smoking is bad to health. =吸烟对身体有害.
The wounded has been taken to the hospital.伤员已经送到医院.
When to begin is not known yet.什么时间开始还不知道.
What I know is important.我所知道的很重要.
谓语:是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态（系表结构）.谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面.
We don't know him very well.我们不太了解他.
She speaks English fluently.她英语讲得很流利.
Betty stayed awake at night on purpose.
表语:是用来说明主语的性质, 身份, 特征和状态.表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语.表语一般放在系动词之后.表语可以由名词, 形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语或者表语从句来担任.
I am all right.我没事. It's over.时间到了. She is ten.她十岁了.
My work is teaching English.我的工作是教英语.
The dictionary is in the bag.词典在书包里边.
My question is how you knew him.我的问题是你如何认识他的.
宾语:是谓语动作所涉及的对象, 它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后.
I saw a cat in the tree.看见树上有一只猫.I want to go shopping.
He said that he could be here. 他说他会来的.
I’m concerned about my friend’s safety.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,即双宾语 ,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语, 可以带两个宾语的动词有 offer, bring, give , show, send, pass, tell, lend, 等.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加 " to ".
My father bought me a book.我父亲给我买了一本书.
Give the rubber to me.把橡皮给我.
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整, 它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据, 宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任.
We all call him Lao Wang.我们都叫他老王.
Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色.
定语:用于描述名词,代词,短语或定语从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任.如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组或短语,定语要放在被修饰词的后面.
That is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花.
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
This is my book, not your book.这是我的书,不是你的书.
I have a lot of things to do.我有好多要做的事情.
Our country is a developing country.我们的国家是一个发展中的国家.
状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果、方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语.状语可以由副词、分词、短语及状语从句来担任.
We went to the countryside last year.去年我们去了乡下.
We study hard for our country.我们为我们的国家而努力学习.
I'm late because I missed the bus.由于误了车,所以我迟到了.
简 单 句
简单句可分为下列五种形式：
1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语. I am a student.我是一名学生.
2) 主语 + 不及物动词+状语.
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起. .
3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
We help each other.我们互相帮忙.
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
I gave him a book last week.上周我给了他一本书.
5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语.
I heard him singing in the hall.我听见他在大厅里唱歌.
并 列 句
并列句: 用并列连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起的句子叫并列句.常用的连接词如下: also, and, but, either ... or, however, not only...but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither...nor.
并列句的构成: 简单句 + 连接词 + 简单句.
He studied hard and he passed the examination.
Let's hurry, or we'll be late.咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.
I have been to Beijing many times but my parents have never been there.
复 合 句
复合句是由两个或两个以上的有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的句子.其中一个句子是主体,叫做主句,而其他的句子叫做从句.
从句由连接词引导, 它们是: that, before, whether, if, although, because, as long as, as soon as, since, after, who, which, whom, what, whose, why, where, how, when .
从句尽管有主谓结构,但不能单独成为一个句子,在句中, 从句仅担任某个成分,根据担任的成分从句可分主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,定语从句,状语从句.
主语从句：在句中起主语作用的句子叫做主语从句. 主语从句一般放在句首.引导主语从句的词有下列: that, who, whether, if, what, which, when, where, how, why.
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道.
It's very good that he has passed the exam.他通过了考试太好了.
宾语从句：在句中起宾语作用的句子叫做宾语从句,宾语从句放在动词后面.引导宾语从句的词有下列. that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why, I didn't expect that he had broken the glass.
Could you tell me who is your teacher?你能告诉我谁是你的教师吗?
表语从句 在句中起表语作用的句子叫做表语从句,表语从句放在系动词的后面.引导表语从句的词有下列. that, if, whether, what, which, when, where how, why等. The question is whether he will join us next time.
同位语从句：位于同位名词之后,说明同位名词的内容的从句.
Do you know the news that the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team has won the world championship?
定语从句:在句中起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句,定语从句放在被修饰的名词后面. 引导定语从句的词有下列. who, whose, that, which, whom, when, where why.
Do you know the man who is in the car.你认识坐在汽车里的人吗?
This is the place where I was born.这就是我出生的地方.
状语从句:在句中起状语作用的句子叫做状语从句,状语从句一般放在句后,强调时放在句首. He opened the windows since it was hot.
When he was young, he couldn't go to school.
【方法诀窍】
▲ 无论句子多么复杂,先找到主谓结构,忽略插入成分及次要成分.
▲ 分析句子成分,判断被选项是什么成分.
一般疑问句是疑问句的一种.它是指用yes或no来回答的句子.其结构是：
系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他成分
如: Are you from Japan?
Yes I am． ／ No I'm not．
以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句.常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等.可先分为3种:
疑问代词：what,who,which,whose,whom
疑问副词：when,where,why,how
疑问形容词：what（which,whose）+名词
回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes ／ no,即问什么答什么
特殊疑问句一般读降调
以疑问词who,what,when,which,why,where,whose,how等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句,也叫疑问词疑问句,有时还被称为wh-问句（wh-question）.结构一般为：疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等.作为疑问词的what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等.