阅读理解

阅读下列短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive (高级管理层) circle beauty can become a liability .

　　While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder it is harmful to a woman.

　　Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to lead to their success.

　　Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck.

　　All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly though the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight successes.

　　Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine (女性化) and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required.

　　This is true even in polities. “When the only clue (线索) is how he or she looks people treat men and women differently ” says Anne Bowman who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates (候选人). She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs one of men and one of women in the order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political officers. They were asked to rank them again in the order they would vote for them.

　　The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.

1．The underlined word “liability” most probably means ________.

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2．In traditionally female jobs attractiveness ________.

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A．makes women look more honest and capable

B．strengthens the feminine qualities required

C．is of great importance to women

D．often enables women to succeed quickly

3．Bowman's experiment shows that when it comes to politics attractiveness ________.

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A．turns out to be a disadvantage to men

B．is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to women

C．affects men and women alike

D．has a little effect on men as on women

4．It can be inferred from the passage that people's views on beautly are often ________.

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