Rear-end Collisions
Rear-end Collisions, in which one vehicle runs into the back of another, can be treated in the same way as head-on collisions, except that the closing speed is the difference between the two speeds, and, while the occupants of the striking car suffer a frontal impact similar to that experienced in head-on collisions and tend to travel forward with respect to the car, those in the struck car tend to travel backwards relative to the car and therefore apply forces to the back of the seat.
Impacts with Walls
In impacts of cars with walls, at all angles of approach( the angle between long axis of vehicle and wall) more than about 40°(see Fig.21.1), the impact is effectively a head-on collision, though less severe than impacts at angles approaching 90°, and the front-seat occupants move towards the windscreen.
The velocity of impact with the windscreen, steering assembly or instrument panel decreases as the angle of approach becomes smaller, but is greatly influenced by the coefficient of friction between the car and the wall; for example, when the coefficient changes from 0.25 to 0.5( approximately from a wooden surface to a concrete wall), the impact velocities of the occupants on the interior of the car are approximately doubled.
After impact the car may rotate towards or away from the wall-towards the wall if friction with the wall is low, and/or the angle of approach is small, and away from it when the friction is high, and/or the angle of approach is large.
4 Intersection Collisions
Almost all intersection car collisions involve a striking and a struck car. The striking car suffers mainly frontal impact, and the struck car a side impact. In most such accidents the paths of the two cars are at right angles, probably at a crossroads or Tjunction. The struck car is usually moving more slowly than the striking car. In one investigation about 50 per cent of the struck cars were judged to be travelling at less than 2omile/h(32km/h), and in about 60 percent the angles between colliding vehicles were about 90°.
车尾碰撞
所谓车尾碰撞,即其中一辆车撞到另一辆车的车尾,可以用对待车头对撞一样的方式处理,除了闭合速度(好像是和排挡有关)是两者之间速度间的差别,同时碰撞的汽车驾驶者遭受正面撞击类似经历的正面碰撞的汽车,那些被困住的车会向后倒车,因此强加力于后座.
与墙体的影响
在汽车的影响与墙,在各个角度的办法（之间的夹角长轴车和墙）超过约40 ° （见Fig.21.1 ）的影响,实际上是一个迎头相撞,但不是那么严重的影响角度接近90 ° ,和前座乘员朝着挡风玻璃.
速度的影响与挡风玻璃,方向盘组装或仪表板随角度的办法变小,但影响较大的摩擦系数之间的汽车和墙;例如,当变化系数从0.25到0.5 （大约从一个木制表面的混凝土墙） ,速度的影响的住户的室内汽车大约增加了一倍.
影响后车可旋转的或远离墙对墙摩擦,如果墙上低,和/或角的做法是小国,并远离它时,摩擦是很高,和/或角做法是大.
第4交叉口碰撞
几乎所有的汽车碰撞交汇涉及一个突出和一个击中汽车.汽车的罢工主要是受到锋面影响,并击中车侧的影响.在大多数这类事故的道路两辆赛车都成直角,可能在一个十字路口或Tjunction .该组织通常是赛车运动更为缓慢的惊人车.在一个调查,百分之五十的击中汽车被认为是行驶不到2omile /小时（ 32公里每小时） ,并在大约百分之六十之间的角度相撞车辆约90 ° .
语法绝对没问题的
谢谢采纳 Rear-end Collisions
Rear-end Collisions, in which one vehicle runs into the back of another, can be treated in the same way as head-on collisions, except that the closing speed is the difference between the two speeds, and, while the occupants of the striking car suffer a frontal impact similar to that experienced in head-on collisions and tend to travel forward with respect to the car, those in the struck car tend to travel backwards relative to the car and therefore apply forces to the back of the seat.
Impacts with Walls
In impacts of cars with walls, at all angles of approach( the angle between long axis of vehicle and wall) more than about 40°(see Fig.21.1), the impact is effectively a head-on collision, though less severe than impacts at angles approaching 90°, and the front-seat occupants move towards the windscreen.
The velocity of impact with the windscreen, steering assembly or instrument panel decreases as the angle of approach becomes smaller, but is greatly influenced by the coefficient of friction between the car and the wall; for example, when the coefficient changes from 0.25 to 0.5( approximately from a wooden surface to a concrete wall), the impact velocities of the occupants on the interior of the car are approximately doubled.
After impact the car may rotate towards or away from the wall-towards the wall if friction with the wall is low, and/or the angle of approach is small, and away from it when the friction is high, and/or the angle of approach is large.
4 Intersection Collisions
Almost all intersection car collisions involve a striking and a struck car. The striking car suffers mainly frontal impact, and the struck car a side impact. In most such accidents the paths of the two cars are at right angles, probably at a crossroads or Tjunction. The struck car is usually moving more slowly than the striking car. In one investigation about 50 per cent of the struck cars were judged to be travelling at less than 2omile/h(32km/h), and in about 60 percent the angles between colliding vehicles were about 90°.
车尾碰撞
所谓车尾碰撞,即其中一辆车撞到另一辆车的车尾,可以用对待车头对撞一样的方式处理,除了闭合速度(好像是和排挡有关)是两者之间速度间的差别,同时碰撞的汽车驾驶者遭受正面撞击类似经历的正面碰撞的汽车,那些被困住的车会向后倒车,因此强加力于后座.
与墙体的影响
在汽车的影响与墙,在各个角度的办法（之间的夹角长轴车和墙）超过约40 ° （见Fig.21.1 ）的影响,实际上是一个迎头相撞,但不是那么严重的影响角度接近90 ° ,和前座乘员朝着挡风玻璃.
速度的影响与挡风玻璃,方向盘组装或仪表板随角度的办法变小,但影响较大的摩擦系数之间的汽车和墙;例如,当变化系数从0.25到0.5 （大约从一个木制表面的混凝土墙） ,速度的影响的住户的室内汽车大约增加了一倍.
影响后车可旋转的或远离墙对墙摩擦,如果墙上低,和/或角的做法是小国,并远离它时,摩擦是很高,和/或角做法是大.
第4交叉口碰撞
几乎所有的汽车碰撞交汇涉及一个突出和一个击中汽车.汽车的罢工主要是受到锋面影响,并击中车侧的影响.在大多数这类事故的道路两辆赛车都成直角,可能在一个十字路口或Tjunction .该组织通常是赛车运动更为缓慢的惊人车.在一个调查,百分之五十的击中汽车被认为是行驶不到2omile /小时（ 32公里每小时） ,并在大约百分之六十之间的角度相撞车辆约90 ° .
语法绝对没问题的
谢谢采纳