英 语 句 型
I. 否定句
1. 主语+否定谓语,not + 同前主语 用语加强否定语气.
I’ll not do such a thing, not I.//He won’t break his word, not he.
Tom can’t speak Russian, not he.
2. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句 用语进一步否定.
I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.
He doesn’t like music, still less/much less dancing.
I didn’t even see him, still less/much less shake hands with him.
3. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention +名词
主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句 用语进一步否定.
He doesn’t know English, to say nothing of German or French.
I don’t know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.
I never thought of it, let alone (much less/still less) did I do it.
4. 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词 表示半否定或让步否定.
Few, however, if any, besides the King himself, believed that Hermione was quilty.
I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.
She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake.
Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.
Mr. Morris seldom or never went out.
5. 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but +动词原型 意为“不得不,别无选择”.
I cannot but admire his courage.
We can’t (choose) but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology they are ahead of us.
We can’t but read books to increase our knowledge.
6. （There be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它 双重否定表示强烈之肯定. 其中but 相当于who...not, that...not, which...not）
There is no man but has his faults.
(There is no man who doesn’t have his faults.
There is no man without faults.
All men have faults.)
(There is) Nobody but has his faults.
There is no rule but has exceptions.
There is nobody but knows this matter.
7. A分句（否定）+ but + B分句（肯定） 借否定来强调肯定.
It never rains but pours.
She never comes but she brings us something to eat.
They never met but they fought.
8. 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to do
He is the last person to say that.
You are the last woman that I want to marry.
That is the last place where I expected to have met you.
Lying is the last thing that he is likely to do.
II. 判断句
9. 主语+can’t+谓语+too+形容词/副词 表示强烈之肯定.
You can’t read too much/ many books.//We can’t be too careful.
Nobody can have too many friends.//She can never have too many dresses.
10. 主语+谓语+no other than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语 强调判断句.
The man was no other than John.//We depend on none but ourselves.
11. 主语+be nothing +else but/else than/less than+表语 强调判断句.
He is nothing but a paper tiger.//The situation is nothing else but/than fine.
That is nothing less than a miracle.
Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
12. 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be +B+ and (but) not A. 选择判断句.
I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.
The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you don’t know.
It is yours, and not mine.//It is not mine, but yours.
13. (It is) Not that A + but that B. 选择判断句.
It is not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.
Not that we are afraid of Americans, but that they are afraid of us.
It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create a people, but the people who create heroes and more history onward.
14. So far from being ..., 主语+谓语 选择判断句.
So far from being a help, he is a hindrance.
So far from being ashamed of it, he takes pride in it.
So far from being true, the news is false.
15. 主语+be + less A than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A. 比较判断句.
Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.
It is even more a picture that a poem. He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.
He is more angry (not angrier) than frightened.
16. 主语+be+B rather than A. 与其说,不如说.比较判断句.
He is an ordinary worker rather than a leader.
He is rather diligent than clever.
The patient was worse rather than better.
He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
17. 主语+ be not so much A as B. 与其说,不如说.比较判断句.
He is not so much a scholar as a writer.
It is not so much a help as advice.
A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.
18. 主语+ be being +doing. 故意, 有意.
She is being kind.//They are being friendly.
Tom is being naughty.//He is being good/helpful/a fool.
19. 时间 + see/witness +宾语 拟人表达.
The twenties century saw the rapid development of IT.
The happy May witnessed their grand wedding.
1976 saw the loss of two great men in China.
III. 祝愿祈使句
20. Be so kind/good as to do sth. 委婉的请求.
Be good/kind enough to do sth.
Be so kind/kind enough to shut the door. Be so good as to come and join us.
Be good enough (so good as) to help me with my English.
21. Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形 类似let,但更委婉.
Suppose we try to do it my way.//Suppose we start tomorrow.
Supposing we go for a swim.//Supposing we buy a car.
22. Long live +第三人称主语 ...万岁.
Long live the people!//Long live our motherland!
23. May +主语 +动词原形 祝愿.
May you return soon.//May he be happy.
May she never repent this act.//(May) God bless you.
24. 名词 to 名词 祝愿.
Glory to the people!//Success to you!
Best wishes to you!//A happy journey to you!
25. If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语 若...就好了.
If only Mao Zedong were still by our side to see this with his own eyes!
If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!
If only I could see her again!
26. O/Oh/Ah, + that 从句（虚拟）
O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语
O/Oh/Ah, + 虚拟谓语 +主语 虚拟的愿望.
Oh, that she could come back to life again!
O that he were a live and could see this!
Ah, to be in England now that April is there!
O to be a boy again!//O were he only here! O had I wings!
27. Be+主语 +表语
表语 + be +主语 书面语的愿望.
Be ours a happy meeting! Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!
So be it! (So may it be. Be it so.)
Blessed be he that spares these stones and curst be he that moves my bones.
28. Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语 祝愿.虚拟的愿望.
Would (that) it were otherwise!
Would that they were safe home again!
Would I were a woman!//Would that I were young again!
IV. 感叹句
29. To think that + 从句（虚拟谓语）意外而感叹.
To think that you should fail!//To think that I should be s insulted!
To think that I knew nothing about it! To think that you are/were so careless!
30. Fancy + 动名词 表示“真想不到”.
Fancy meeting so many friends here! Fancy his doing a thing like that!
Fancy his making such a wonderful speech!//Fancy (that)! Just fancy!
V. 疑问句
31. 疑问词+in the world/on earth/the devil/ever ...? 强调疑问句.
What in the world do you mean?//Who on earth told you that?
Who the devil is he?//Where ever did you lose it?
Who ever wants it?
32. 疑问句+do you think/did you say/can you guess/do you suppose + 其它?疑问句中插入成分.
What do you think I should do first?
How old were you then, did you say?
How many books, can you guess, did he buy the other day?
33. 肯定陈述,+ 肯定反问 修辞性反问以加强语气,非反意问句,故无需作答.
肯定反问中的动词须重读.
We are old friends, not strangers, right?
So you have seen the film, have you?//She is a sweet girl, is she?
34. 疑问词位置不在句首 特殊疑问句的灵活运用.
Five times what number makes 20?//You are twenty-what this year?
He is your who?//You bought a what yesterday?
He went all the way where?
VI. 数词句型
35. 用exactly/clear/sharp 精确整数.
The cloth measures ten yards exactly.
It’s now exactly ten o’clock.//It’s ten sharp. It takes me three clear days.
36. about /or so/ more or less/ some 约指整数.
About ten thousand cars were produced.//He wrote some 800 books.
During the past ten years or so, the production has increased by 90 %.
It’s an hour’s journey, more or less.
37. 年龄表达
I am 20.//I am 20 years old.//I am 20 years of age.//I am aged 20 (years).
My age is 20 (years).//He entered school at the age of 5.
He became plump at 50.//He graduated at 20 years of age.
He is a girl of 18 (years old).//He is a man aged 20 years.
They are under/below 7 years of age.//She is in her teens.
38. 计量表达
The tree is about 60 feet high (in height). long—in length wide—in width thick—in thickness heavy—in weight
high(物)—in height tall(人)—in height deep—in depth across—in breadth(宽度) across—in diameter(直径) across—in radius(半径) This room measures 60 feet (in length) by 15 feet (in breadth).
VII. 关联指代
39. On (the) one hand, ... and on the other (hand) ... 同一事物之两面.
On the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other, I am your comrade and friend.
They have been blamed on the one hand and lauded on the other.
On the one hand, you shouldn’t be shy; on the other hand, you mustn’t forget your manners.
40. two (both) ... the one (and) the other...
two (both) ...the former, the latter...
two (both) ...the first, the second...
two (both) ...that, this...// two (both) ...those, these... 先后两事物.
I have two brothers; the one (former) is fifteen, and the other (latter) is eleven.
Work and play are both necessary to health; this (the latter) gives us rest, and that (the former) gives energy.
They keep horses and cattle, those for riding, and these for food.
41. first...second...third...lastly...
firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
one...two...three...four... 序列.
First, I wish both of you good health. Second, I wish both of you success in your work; and third, I wish both of you good luck in everything.
What do we need in order to really win? We need three things: first, arms, second, arms, third, arms and arms again.
VIII. 比较句型
42. 某些形容词-or + to + 被比对象 特殊比较级句型.
His strength is superior to/greater than mine.
Socialism is superior to capitalism. My knowledge is inferior to/less than his.
Is your father senior to mine?
Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.
His arrival is posterior to that of my friend.
43. Better...than... “宁可,最好”,It is被省略.
Better late than never.//Better to do well than to say well.
Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.
Better die standing than live kneeling.
44. choose A before B 优先选择.
A hero should choose death before dishonor.
I am willing to work myself to death before I give up.
I would do anything before that.
IX. 比喻句型
45. like, as 比喻.
He stood there like a tree.//Use a book as a bee does a flower.
A year has gone as a tortoise goes heavy and slow.
46. A is to B as C is to D.
A to B is what C is to D. 比喻
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.
Air is to us what/as water is to fish.
47. (Just) As/What +喻体, so/that +本体 比喻
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
What salt is to food, that wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
What blood vessel is to a man’s body, that railway is to transportation.
As food is to man, so manure is to crops.
48. A to B is as ... as C to D. 同等重要性比喻.
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food to the body.
He walks as if he were as blind as a beetle.
A pen to a writer is as important as arms to a soldier.
49. may as well ... as ... 类似比喻.
You may as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.
She might as well love a dream as fall in love with me.
One might as well expect the leopard to change his spots as expect the wolf to change its nature.
50. as...as 形容词活用.
It is as hot as hot can be.
He works as hard as hard can be.
She’s as beautiful as beautiful can be. 英 语 句 型
I. 否定句
1. 主语+否定谓语,not + 同前主语 用语加强否定语气.
I’ll not do such a thing, not I.//He won’t break his word, not he.
Tom can’t speak Russian, not he.
2. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句 用语进一步否定.
I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.
He doesn’t like music, still less/much less dancing.
I didn’t even see him, still less/much less shake hands with him.
3. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention +名词
主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句 用语进一步否定.
He doesn’t know English, to say nothing of German or French.
I don’t know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.
I never thought of it, let alone (much less/still less) did I do it.
4. 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词 表示半否定或让步否定.
Few, however, if any, besides the King himself, believed that Hermione was quilty.
I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.
She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake.
Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.
Mr. Morris seldom or never went out.
5. 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but +动词原型 意为“不得不,别无选择”.
I cannot but admire his courage.
We can’t (choose) but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology they are ahead of us.
We can’t but read books to increase our knowledge.
6. （There be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它 双重否定表示强烈之肯定. 其中but 相当于who...not, that...not, which...not）
There is no man but has his faults.
(There is no man who doesn’t have his faults.
There is no man without faults.
All men have faults.)
(There is) Nobody but has his faults.
There is no rule but has exceptions.
There is nobody but knows this matter.
7. A分句（否定）+ but + B分句（肯定） 借否定来强调肯定.
It never rains but pours.
She never comes but she brings us something to eat.
They never met but they fought.
8. 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to do
He is the last person to say that.
You are the last woman that I want to marry.
That is the last place where I expected to have met you.
Lying is the last thing that he is likely to do.
II. 判断句
9. 主语+can’t+谓语+too+形容词/副词 表示强烈之肯定.
You can’t read too much/ many books.//We can’t be too careful.
Nobody can have too many friends.//She can never have too many dresses.
10. 主语+谓语+no other than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语 强调判断句.
The man was no other than John.//We depend on none but ourselves.
11. 主语+be nothing +else but/else than/less than+表语 强调判断句.
He is nothing but a paper tiger.//The situation is nothing else but/than fine.
That is nothing less than a miracle.
Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
12. 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be +B+ and (but) not A. 选择判断句.
I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.
The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you don’t know.
It is yours, and not mine.//It is not mine, but yours.
13. (It is) Not that A + but that B. 选择判断句.
It is not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.
Not that we are afraid of Americans, but that they are afraid of us.
It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create a people, but the people who create heroes and more history onward.
14. So far from being ..., 主语+谓语 选择判断句.
So far from being a help, he is a hindrance.
So far from being ashamed of it, he takes pride in it.
So far from being true, the news is false.
15. 主语+be + less A than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A. 比较判断句.
Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.
It is even more a picture that a poem. He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.
He is more angry (not angrier) than frightened.
16. 主语+be+B rather than A. 与其说,不如说.比较判断句.
He is an ordinary worker rather than a leader.
He is rather diligent than clever.
The patient was worse rather than better.
He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
17. 主语+ be not so much A as B. 与其说,不如说.比较判断句.
He is not so much a scholar as a writer.
It is not so much a help as advice.
A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.
18. 主语+ be being +doing. 故意, 有意.
She is being kind.//They are being friendly.
Tom is being naughty.//He is being good/helpful/a fool.
19. 时间 + see/witness +宾语 拟人表达.
The twenties century saw the rapid development of IT.
The happy May witnessed their grand wedding.
1976 saw the loss of two great men in China.
III. 祝愿祈使句
20. Be so kind/good as to do sth. 委婉的请求.
Be good/kind enough to do sth.
Be so kind/kind enough to shut the door. Be so good as to come and join us.
Be good enough (so good as) to help me with my English.
21. Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形 类似let,但更委婉.
Suppose we try to do it my way.//Suppose we start tomorrow.
Supposing we go for a swim.//Supposing we buy a car.
22. Long live +第三人称主语 ...万岁.
Long live the people!//Long live our motherland!
23. May +主语 +动词原形 祝愿.
May you return soon.//May he be happy.
May she never repent this act.//(May) God bless you.
24. 名词 to 名词 祝愿.
Glory to the people!//Success to you!
Best wishes to you!//A happy journey to you!
25. If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语 若...就好了.
If only Mao Zedong were still by our side to see this with his own eyes!
If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!
If only I could see her again!
26. O/Oh/Ah, + that 从句（虚拟）
O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语
O/Oh/Ah, + 虚拟谓语 +主语 虚拟的愿望.
Oh, that she could come back to life again!
O that he were a live and could see this!
Ah, to be in England now that April is there!
O to be a boy again!//O were he only here! O had I wings!
27. Be+主语 +表语
表语 + be +主语 书面语的愿望.
Be ours a happy meeting! Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!
So be it! (So may it be. Be it so.)
Blessed be he that spares these stones and curst be he that moves my bones.
28. Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语 祝愿.虚拟的愿望.
Would (that) it were otherwise!
Would that they were safe home again!
Would I were a woman!//Would that I were young again!
IV. 感叹句
29. To think that + 从句（虚拟谓语）意外而感叹.
To think that you should fail!//To think that I should be s insulted!
To think that I knew nothing about it! To think that you are/were so careless!
30. Fancy + 动名词 表示“真想不到”.
Fancy meeting so many friends here! Fancy his doing a thing like that!
Fancy his making such a wonderful speech!//Fancy (that)! Just fancy!
V. 疑问句
31. 疑问词+in the world/on earth/the devil/ever ...? 强调疑问句.
What in the world do you mean?//Who on earth told you that?
Who the devil is he?//Where ever did you lose it?
Who ever wants it?
32. 疑问句+do you think/did you say/can you guess/do you suppose + 其它?疑问句中插入成分.
What do you think I should do first?
How old were you then, did you say?
How many books, can you guess, did he buy the other day?
33. 肯定陈述,+ 肯定反问 修辞性反问以加强语气,非反意问句,故无需作答.
肯定反问中的动词须重读.
We are old friends, not strangers, right?
So you have seen the film, have you?//She is a sweet girl, is she?
34. 疑问词位置不在句首 特殊疑问句的灵活运用.
Five times what number makes 20?//You are twenty-what this year?
He is your who?//You bought a what yesterday?
He went all the way where?
VI. 数词句型
35. 用exactly/clear/sharp 精确整数.
The cloth measures ten yards exactly.
It’s now exactly ten o’clock.//It’s ten sharp. It takes me three clear days.
36. about /or so/ more or less/ some 约指整数.
About ten thousand cars were produced.//He wrote some 800 books.
During the past ten years or so, the production has increased by 90 %.
It’s an hour’s journey, more or less.
37. 年龄表达
I am 20.//I am 20 years old.//I am 20 years of age.//I am aged 20 (years).
My age is 20 (years).//He entered school at the age of 5.
He became plump at 50.//He graduated at 20 years of age.
He is a girl of 18 (years old).//He is a man aged 20 years.
They are under/below 7 years of age.//She is in her teens.
38. 计量表达
The tree is about 60 feet high (in height). long—in length wide—in width thick—in thickness heavy—in weight
high(物)—in height tall(人)—in height deep—in depth across—in breadth(宽度) across—in diameter(直径) across—in radius(半径) This room measures 60 feet (in length) by 15 feet (in breadth).
VII. 关联指代
39. On (the) one hand, ... and on the other (hand) ... 同一事物之两面.
On the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other, I am your comrade and friend.
They have been blamed on the one hand and lauded on the other.
On the one hand, you shouldn’t be shy; on the other hand, you mustn’t forget your manners.
40. two (both) ... the one (and) the other...
two (both) ...the former, the latter...
two (both) ...the first, the second...
two (both) ...that, this...// two (both) ...those, these... 先后两事物.
I have two brothers; the one (former) is fifteen, and the other (latter) is eleven.
Work and play are both necessary to health; this (the latter) gives us rest, and that (the former) gives energy.
They keep horses and cattle, those for riding, and these for food.
41. first...second...third...lastly...
firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
one...two...three...four... 序列.
First, I wish both of you good health. Second, I wish both of you success in your work; and third, I wish both of you good luck in everything.
What do we need in order to really win? We need three things: first, arms, second, arms, third, arms and arms again.
VIII. 比较句型
42. 某些形容词-or + to + 被比对象 特殊比较级句型.
His strength is superior to/greater than mine.
Socialism is superior to capitalism. My knowledge is inferior to/less than his.
Is your father senior to mine?
Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.
His arrival is posterior to that of my friend.
43. Better...than... “宁可,最好”,It is被省略.
Better late than never.//Better to do well than to say well.
Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.
Better die standing than live kneeling.
44. choose A before B 优先选择.
A hero should choose death before dishonor.
I am willing to work myself to death before I give up.
I would do anything before that.
IX. 比喻句型
45. like, as 比喻.
He stood there like a tree.//Use a book as a bee does a flower.
A year has gone as a tortoise goes heavy and slow.
46. A is to B as C is to D.
A to B is what C is to D. 比喻
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.
Air is to us what/as water is to fish.
47. (Just) As/What +喻体, so/that +本体 比喻
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
What salt is to food, that wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
What blood vessel is to a man’s body, that railway is to transportation.
As food is to man, so manure is to crops.
48. A to B is as ... as C to D. 同等重要性比喻.
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food to the body.
He walks as if he were as blind as a beetle.
A pen to a writer is as important as arms to a soldier.
49. may as well ... as ... 类似比喻.
You may as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.
She might as well love a dream as fall in love with me.
One might as well expect the leopard to change his spots as expect the wolf to change its nature.
50. as...as 形容词活用.
It is as hot as hot can be.
He works as hard as hard can be.
She’s as beautiful as beautiful can be.