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文章1:
Before we go any further,let's remind ourselves of what an noun phrase is.My definition is:
A noun phrase is either a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.For example,'they','cars',and 'the cars' are noun phrases,but 'car' is just a noun,as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Q:Do you like cars?
A:Yes,I like them.
Q:Do you like the cars over there?
A:Yes,they are nice.
Q:Do you like the car I bought last week?
A:Yes,I like it.(Note:'It' refers to 'the car',not 'car')
If you are a little puzzled at this point,try and think of some further examples of noun phrases using the definition above,and compare your examples with simple nouns.
The structure of noun phrases.
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文章2:
Notice that several forms classes can be "reused." For example,in the noun phrase it is possible to use quantifiers to function as pre-determiners or as post-determiners.This kind of "recycling" is known as recursion.Notice also that phrases and even whole clauses can be "recycled" into the noun phrase.This process of placing a phrase of clause within another phrase of clause is called embedding.It is through the processes of recursion and embedding that we are able to take a finite number of forms (words and phrases) and construct an infinite number of expressions.Furthermore,embedding also allows us to construct an infinitely long structure,in theory anyway.
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文章3:
Noun phrases normally consist of a head noun,which is optionally modified ("premodified" If the modifier is placed before the noun; "postmodified" if the modifier is placed after the noun).Possible modifiers include:
determiners:articles (the,a),demonstratives (this,that),numerals (two,five,etc.),possessives (my,their,etc.),and quantifiers (some,many,etc.).In English,determiners are usually placed before the noun;
adjectives (the red ball); or
complements,in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as:the student of physics),or a That-clause (the claim that the earth is round);
modifiers; premodifiers if placed before the noun and usually either as nouns (the university student) or adjectives (the beautiful lady),or postmodifiers if placed after the noun.A postmodifier may be either a prepositional phrase (the man with long hair) or a relative clause (the house where I live).The difference between modifiers and complements is that complements complete the meaning of the noun; complements are necessary,whereas modifiers are optional because they just give additional information about the noun.
That noun phrases can be headed by elements other than nouns — for instance,pronouns (They came) or determiners ((I'll take these)) — has given rise to the postulation of a Determiner
全文见:
文章1:
Before we go any further,let's remind ourselves of what an noun phrase is.My definition is:
A noun phrase is either a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.For example,'they','cars',and 'the cars' are noun phrases,but 'car' is just a noun,as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Q:Do you like cars?
A:Yes,I like them.
Q:Do you like the cars over there?
A:Yes,they are nice.
Q:Do you like the car I bought last week?
A:Yes,I like it.(Note:'It' refers to 'the car',not 'car')
If you are a little puzzled at this point,try and think of some further examples of noun phrases using the definition above,and compare your examples with simple nouns.
The structure of noun phrases.
...
...
...
全文见:
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文章2:
Notice that several forms classes can be "reused." For example,in the noun phrase it is possible to use quantifiers to function as pre-determiners or as post-determiners.This kind of "recycling" is known as recursion.Notice also that phrases and even whole clauses can be "recycled" into the noun phrase.This process of placing a phrase of clause within another phrase of clause is called embedding.It is through the processes of recursion and embedding that we are able to take a finite number of forms (words and phrases) and construct an infinite number of expressions.Furthermore,embedding also allows us to construct an infinitely long structure,in theory anyway.
全文见:
---------------------------------------------------------------
文章3:
Noun phrases normally consist of a head noun,which is optionally modified ("premodified" If the modifier is placed before the noun; "postmodified" if the modifier is placed after the noun).Possible modifiers include:
determiners:articles (the,a),demonstratives (this,that),numerals (two,five,etc.),possessives (my,their,etc.),and quantifiers (some,many,etc.).In English,determiners are usually placed before the noun;
adjectives (the red ball); or
complements,in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as:the student of physics),or a That-clause (the claim that the earth is round);
modifiers; premodifiers if placed before the noun and usually either as nouns (the university student) or adjectives (the beautiful lady),or postmodifiers if placed after the noun.A postmodifier may be either a prepositional phrase (the man with long hair) or a relative clause (the house where I live).The difference between modifiers and complements is that complements complete the meaning of the noun; complements are necessary,whereas modifiers are optional because they just give additional information about the noun.
That noun phrases can be headed by elements other than nouns — for instance,pronouns (They came) or determiners ((I'll take these)) — has given rise to the postulation of a Determiner
全文见: